Mini Basketball Game Model to Improve Social Skill, Motoric Skill, and Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students

: The aim of the study was to obtain a valid, practical and effective basketball game model to improve social skills, motor skills and physical fitness of elementary school students. This study uses a research and development design. The results showed that the mini basketball game had a significant positive effect on social skills, motor skills and physical fitness. So it can be concluded that the Mini Basketball game is a valid, practical, and effective game to improve social skills, motor skills, and physical fitness of elementary school students.


Children's Motoric Development and Skill
The human body is a complex and amazing organ system. All of these organs are formed in the prenatal period (Mirdamadi & Block, 2020). Individual physical development includes four aspects, namely: (1) the nervous system which greatly affects the development of intelligence and emotion; (2) muscles that affect the development of strength and motoric skills; (3) endocrine glands, which cause the emergence of new behavior patterns, such as in adolescents developing feelings of pleasure to be active in an activity whose members consist of members of the opposite sex; and (4) physical/body structure which includes height, weight, and proportions (Zysset et al., 2018). The golden age in motoric development is middle childhood or childhood, during middle childhood, the body and brain experience important growth to lead to better motoric coordination, greater strength and more skill for problem solving.
Physical development is closely related to the motoric development of children. Motoric is the development of controlling body movements through coordinated activities between the nervous system, muscles, brain, and spinal cord. Motoric development includes gross and fine motoric (Sedehi, Ghasemi, Kashi, & Azimzadeh, 2021). Gross motoric skills are body movements that use large muscles or most or all of the body parts that are influenced by the child's maturity (Peyre et al., 2019). For example, the ability to sit, kick, run, go up and down stairs and so on. While fine motoric skills are movements that use fine muscles or certain parts of the body, which are influenced by opportunities to learn and practice (Buja et al., 2018). For example, the ability to move objects from hands, scribble, arrange blocks, cut, write, etc. Both of these abilities are very important so that children can develop optimally. 562 Jurnal Pendidikan, Vol. 6, No. 4, Bln April, Thn 2021, Hal 559-571 In relation to motoric development, a critical period theory says that, to strengthen the value of motoric skill activities through a good physical activity program. (Collett, Wallace, Kartin, & Speltz, 2019). The involvement of many children, such as play activities, supports the possession of important skill levels that can be used to develop the motoric skills needed in play activities or intergroup matches. Early experience in the movements performed should be general and should be imparted in a play environment (Maïano, Hue, & April, 2019). Games or matches that do not match the characteristics of the child when learning the initial movements should be avoided because it will result in a setback or decrease in the child's learning motivation, as a result the child will withdraw from playing activities.
Because of the close relationship between the level of growth and physical development and skills of children, the scope of physical activities offered in primary schools should be developed based on the needs of children. This cannot be made just like that, because it needs to be processed as well as possible with careful consideration. These considerations include (1) the basics of program development, (2) children's growth and development patterns, (3) children's basic encouragement, and (4) children's characteristics and interests.

Physical Fitness
The term physical fitness (fitness) comes from the English translation of physical fitness, this term has been widespread and has been accepted by the Indonesian people, however, from various experts there has been no agreement on the use of the term. In simple terms it can be interpreted that physical fitness is the body's ability to carry out activities without experiencing significant fatigue (Páez-Maldonado et al., 2020).
In general, physical fitness consists of two concepts, namely general fitness regarding the state of health and well-being and task-oriented specific fitness, namely the ability to perform specific tasks such as sports or work. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, exercise, and adequate rest. Physical fitness is the ability to carry out daily activities with full vitality and alertness without experiencing significant fatigue and still having enough energy to carry out activities in spare time and deal with emergencies (Rodriguez, de Camargo, Rodriguez-Añez, & Reis, 2020). From these various opinions, it can be stated that physical fitness is the body's ability to make adjustments to the given physical load without causing significant fatigue.
Based on the description above, physical fitness can be defined as the physical ability to carry out work tasks in accordance with their fields without experiencing excessive fatigue and will get a fast recovery as before doing activities. This understanding shows that physical fitness is more than not being sick and not just being immune from disease. Everyone has a different level of physical fitness that even in a person's level of fitness will vary from time to time depending on the activities and exercises he does.
The need for physical activity between groups of children and adults is different. In the group of children, the need for time to do physical activities is more than in the adult group. Children perform physical activity for approximately 60 minutes and the adult group for at least 30 minutes, depending on the age and condition of each individual and the purpose of doing physical activity. To improve and improve physical fitness, you can choose various forms of physical exercise that are safe and comfortable, such as running, swimming, cycling, including playing basketball (Cocca, Verdugo, Cuenca, & Cocca, 2020).
Various elements of physical fitness components can be increased if each individual performs physical activity regularly and regularly with a well-designed training program. The habit of walking as physical activity or sports activities such as playing basketball supports increasing the degree of physical fitness. Physical activities such as walking, running, jumping or other forms of play require adequate brain capacity so that the movements carried out produce efficient and effective performance (Xu, Mei, Wang, Yan, & He, 2020). Therefore, if children routinely carry out routine activities such as playing basketball every day, it is predicted that their physical fitness level will increase.

METHOD
The design used in this research is a developmental & research design. In this research, development is used to produce a mini basketball game model based on social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness by modifying the development steps (Kabongo, 2019). Based on the techniques and data collection tools, the steps of the data analysis technique used are as follows:

Analysis of Model Validity
The process of analyzing the validity of the model data is carried out with the following steps. First, calculating the percentage of the number of respondents (experts and practitioners) who agree or disagree on each component of the validated product. Second, the results obtained from the points above are then referred to the validity value of each component. The validity level interval is determined by adapting the value interval in Table 1. Third, the criteria for determining a component, the game developed is said to be valid if the level of validity achieved is at least moderate or enough. Fourth, if there are still components that have not reached these criteria, they will be revised or discarded based on expert or practitioner input (Svoboda, 2017).

Analysis of Model Practicality
Analysis of the practicality of the basketball game model was carried out from the results of the observer's assessment of the implementation of activities in small group and large group trials. Data analysis was carried out with the following steps: 1) Recapitulating the observation data of the mini-basketball game model for 5 game activities, namely: 1 time in the small group trial and 4 times in the large group test. The data recapitulation is entered in the appropriate table. Because the data was obtained through the observation of two observers, the recapitulation was done by calculating the average value of the observations. 2) Calculate the total average of the average scores for all aspects. 3) Refers to the value obtained in the value interval. The value interval is determined by adapting the value interval used in Table 2. Then determining the level of implementation achieved, the criteria for determining the implementation of a component used is if the minimum level of implementation achieved is moderate or sufficient. If in the determination it turns out that there are components that have not met these criteria, a revision of the related device is made based on the results of observations.

Effectiveness Test Analysis
Judging from the problems studied and taking into account the form of the experimental design used, where there is more than one dependent variable, then to test the effectiveness of the data, it is analyzed using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) technique in the form of Single Sample Paired Comparison with Hotelling's T2 statistics.

Validity of Mini Basketball Game Model
To see the validity of the game model, a content assessment was carried out by experts and practitioners as well as to get input regarding infrastructure, game rules, and refereeing for fifth grade elementary school students. The results of the analysis can be seen in table 3. If it is seen that the results obtained are then referred to the value of the validity of each component of the game, it has met the minimum criteria set, it can be concluded that the mini basketball game model based on social skills, motoric skills and physical fitness with components of completeness of infrastructure, game rules and refereeing has fulfilled aspects validity.

The Implementation of the Mini Basketball Game Model
The results of the practicality data analysis of the model were carried out according to the steps written in the research method, and the results were as follows: From the analysis results, the total average of the average values for all aspects is 4. If it is referred to the implementation criteria, it can be concluded that the implementation of the mini basketball game model in trials 1 and 2 is in the high category. Thus, the results of observations on the implementation of the mini basketball game model components meet the minimum criteria set. Based on the practicality criteria of the model stated above, the basketball game model developed has met the practicality criteria. The results of data analysis using the Manova technique presented in Table 5 using Hotelling's T2 statistics, obtained the calculation of F = 9.393, significance F = 0.00. Because F is smaller than = 0.05, the mini basketball game training together is effective in improving social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness. The results of data analysis using the Manova technique are presented in Table 6 for each dependent variable. The following results are obtained: the social skills variable shows F = 4.866, significance F = 0.032. Due to the significance of F < = 0.05, the mini basketball game training was effective in improving social skills. For the motoric skills variable, the value of F = 21.811, and the significance of F = 0.00 because F significance < = 0.05, the mini basketball game training is effective in improving motoric skills. As for the motoric skills variable, the value of F = 17.633, and the significance of F = 0.00. because F significance < = 0.05, the mini basketball game training is effective in improving physical fitness. Below are presented the results of data analysis with respect to the estimated 95% confidence interval. The data shown in Table 7 shows that the magnitude of the resulting increase varies. The lowest is found in the social skills variable of = 1.603.

DISCUSSION The Development of a Mini Basketball Game
The game facilities developed by the researchers contributed to students' interest in doing physical activities that had an impact on increasing motoric skills and physical fitness of children. In order for infrastructure facilities to increase interest in a game, the researchers developed a reflective board with specifications; the reflective board is made of transparent acrylic material, supported by a support pole that can be raised and lowered with a ring height between 2.4 m to 2.7 m. This is based on the results of measurements of height, jump height at the age of fifth grade elementary school children, and other infrastructure facilities.
Thus, from the results of the field study, the results, facilities and infrastructure for games are in accordance with the capacity for fifth grade elementary school children, in which the size of the field, the height of the ring, the size of the ball are different and smaller than the official size standard. This is in line with the statement that for games in the lead game category everything can be modified and simplified such as the size of the field, the number of players, and the size of the ball (Macnamara, Hambrick, & Oswald, 2014).
Matters related to the game rules, games in the context of education can be used as a briefing on the importance of physical activity to improve health conditions, physical fitness, social relationships, emotional control, and morals. Game or play is a social phenomenon, from children to the elderly. For children, playing becomes a major need and sometimes they lose track of time. In playing, it is done seriously, and there is no coercion. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the rules of the game so that it runs in an orderly and orderly manner.
The rules of the game have fulfilled the practicality element, namely the implementation is in the high category for game activities in the field, this can be seen from the activities in the small group test, large group test, where according to the observer students have no difficulty in understanding the game as a whole including, the rules that carried out in playing and refereeing activities. In addition to this in the context of initial understanding, students are familiar with several games included in similar games with basketball, such as football and volleyball, thus allowing for transfer of understanding.
Through the activity of playing mini basketball, there is a transfer of understanding and performance through playing as a person's ability to use the skills, skills, knowledge, and others gained through experience and practice into new situations. The tactical problems involved in attacking games such as football, field hockey and basketball are the same. They understand aspects of space that can be applied to other similar sports. This can help students to better understand and appreciate the essence of the game based on the tactical similarities in the game category (Yüce, Büyükakgül, & Katırcı, 2019).
Through exercises that are similar to real games, the interest and excitement of all students will increase. Especially for students with low technical ability, this play approach is appropriate because it does not emphasize technical skills, tactical development, or problem solving. In the activity of playing mini basketball, students in addition to implementing various types of social skills, students also apply various basic skills/basic basketball techniques that have been obtained before training to play mini basketball. This process causes the transfer of training. This is supported by several studies that say that transfer of exercise occurs when previously formed habits influence mastery of motion, appearance, or relearning of the next habit. Transfer in motoric skills does not occur automatically. Transfer occurs based on the assumption that learning outcomes of a skill can have a positive or negative influence on other motoric skills. Transfers occur in similar tasks, so that the learning outcomes of basic basketball skills/techniques can be transferred in mini basketball games, thus giving the effect of increasing the motoric skills possessed by students such as dribbling the ball quickly over obstacles, bouncing the ball against the wall (passing) and shooting skills. the ball into the basket in a given time.

The Effectiveness of the Developed Game
The results of the Manova analysis used different data from the initial test and the post-test using the Hotelling's Trace technique after finding the coefficient F = 9.393 with a significance of F = 0.000. Because of the significance of F < = 0.05, it can be concluded that the activity of playing mini basketball increases social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness together.
The increase in the variables of social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness was due to physical activity in the form of playing mini basketball every day for eight weeks, each training meeting was carried out for 40 minutes so that physical activity had an effect on increasing social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness. The frequency of physical activity in the form of a mini basketball game, if done repeatedly, will have an effect on improved elements such as social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness.
Physical activity for eight weeks, students play basketball accompanied by applying various kinds of social skills such as cooperation, mutual respect between friends and referees. The various elements of social skills are applied during physical activity training activities every day except holidays and are carried out for eight weeks. Skills that are done repeatedly have an effect on increasing mastery of social skills. The increase in variables of social skills, motoric skills and physical fitness levels after physical activity playing mini-basketball is in line with the law of practice which states that repeating certain responses several times will strengthen the connection between stimulus and response (Williams, Pill, & Hewitt, 2021). This close linkage is strengthened through a sufficient number of repetitions. From this opinion, practicing activities such as physical exercise in the children's environment in the form of group games in the form of playing mini basketball will make the results of the exercise 566 Jurnal Pendidikan, Vol. 6, No. 4, Bln April, Thn 2021, Hal 559-571 more mastered and more perfect. Movement and or basic skills are important to learn in group game situations so that social conditions such as social skills through games are also obtained simultaneously including the level of physical fitness.
Various kinds of skills can be acquired and mastered through repetition applied in practice. Mastery of a skill or strengthening of skills is obtained through repetition where each stage of practice will combine stimulus and response. Exercises are useful to facilitate students to do a greater number of correct and correct responses. After a person does physical exercise for a few days, the motoric skills used during the exercise lead to the automation of movements and consequently the motoric skills that are carried out can be mastered.
Movement skills for school-age children have an important role, because they will have an effect on the growth and prospects of skill development in the next stages. Judging from the level of physical and mental development, the many opportunities to move through physical activity have a very important meaning. Therefore, developments that occur will spur children's opportunities to actively move to explore themselves through playing activities by applying all basic basketball skills in playing.
Physical activity in the form of playing mini basketball is related to improving motoric skills, as an implication of the theory that mastery of motoric skills such as basic techniques in mini basketball games can be developed/improved through repeated exercises in physical activities (Echevarría, Ajamil, Argilaga, & Idiakez, 2014). Several times of practice will develop an appropriate response to a set of stimuli. The improvement of motoric skills is a tangible manifestation of the transfer of skills that are limited to identical types of stimuli. This means that the increase in motoric skills occurs because of physical activity in the form of playing mini basketball, the students apply various basic basketball techniques repeatedly when playing, in other words identical elements can be transferred into improved motoric skills, including increasing the impact on increasing motoric skills. This is also in line with the theory of overlearning which states that overlearning is an exercise or extra learning, meaning that to strengthen the motoric skills that have been mastered so that they are attached, movement skills are still being trained so that they can have a retention effect in the body (attachment of the skills that have been trained). (Afrouzeh, Musa, Suppiah, & Abdullah, 2020).
In order for physical activity in the form of playing mini basketball to run smoothly, various basic basketball techniques are needed. Students who are used as subjects generally already have the basics of basketball games such as dribbling, throwing and shooting balls into baskets that have been obtained from previous learning outcomes. These basic technical skills are applied and used for ease and smooth play. To master movement skills, physical activity carried out through the practice of playing mini basketball, a combination of applying solid practice models (continuously without rest) and distributed (activity interspersed with rest periods) is appropriate. (Garzón, Lapresa, Anguera, & Arana, 2014). This means that students have mastery of motoric skills of various basic techniques in the mini basketball game, physical activity that is carried out by combining solid and distributed practice models so that motoric skills can be mastered in addition to social skills.
Physical activity in the form of playing mini basketball which is carried out for 30-40 minutes and being active on a field measuring 10 x 20 meters, encouraging students to move forward back-to-back or sideways forward and so on, if done repeatedly, will have the effect of increasing fitness physical. This is supported by the opinion that an exercise is a form of physical activity in the form of playing activity. If it is combined in the form of playing for 30 minutes, then the body expends energy and al l components of physical fitness to support and help smooth physical activity. As a result, the level of physical fitness has increased (Fernández-Ozcorta, Vizcaíno, Saenz-López Buñuel, & Rebollo, 2015). Thus, physical activity training in playing mini basketball resulted in an increase in social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness.

The Analysis of Social Skill Improvement
The results of the analysis using the Test of Between-Subjects Effects to see different data on the social skills variable in the group portrayed F = 4.866 with a significance of F = 0.032, because F < = 0.05, it means that mini basketball game activities are effective in improving social skills. The magnitude of the increase is based on the difference between the results of the final test and the initial test using simultaneous confidence interval analysis with a 95% confidence level, the coefficient on the social skills variable has a minimum increase of 1.603.
Mini basketball that was developed is a physical activity that is carried out in groups, in addition to the occurrence of effective direct interaction when playing, the form of social interaction in this game can occur simultaneously. In this study, the game developed also included elements of social skills such as; playing by the rules, respecting referees, cooperative behavior, being responsible, playing an active role, respecting the rights of others to learn and taking roles, being a supporter of teammates, and expressing appreciation to opponents, giving positive comments to other teams. This happens are important elements of social interaction.
Many studies state the social benefits of physical activity for child development. One of the social benefits is that children develop interpersonal skills and learn to interact positively with each other and adults. Children also learn how to conform to social settings and norms properly. Social interaction with peers is a must for children. Physical group activities help children make healthy decisions and allow them the opportunity to help their peers. Building healthy attitudes, morals, and values in children can profoundly affect their friends (Masadis, Filippou, Derri, Mavridis, & Rokka, 2019). Children are greatly influenced by the actions of their peers. Interacting with each other allows children to see what other children are doing and helps them to make the right decisions for themselves.

Supriyadi, Mini Basketball Game… 567
New research shows physical activity can help teens develop important skills such as leadership and empathy. In turn, these skills can influence healthy behavior (Trigueros et al., 2020). While team sports and physical activity have been associated with increased self-esteem, better nutrition, and reduced tobacco and drug abuse among children, this study suggests that fostering leadership skills and empathy in children can strengthen healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Another study found that middle school children who scored the highest on leadership skills were more physically active (≥ 20 minutes/day). These children also tend to score high in empathy. Moderate exercise (≥ 30 minutes/day) and participation in team sports are also correlated with leadership and empathy values (Deming, 2017). Here it appears that physical activity through team sports or exercise classes has benefits beyond physical fitness. These findings suggest that children who develop leadership and empathy for others care more about their own health.
Vigorous physical activity has a positive effect on mental health in both clinical and nonclinical populations (Castañeda-Babarro, Coca, Arbillaga-Etxarri, & Gutiérrez-Santamaría, 2020). The strongest evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise may reduce some of the symptoms associated with mild to moderate depression. Evidence also shows that physical activity and exercise can provide benefits for improving self-image, social skills and reducing symptoms of anxiety and other cognitive functions.
It is widely recognized that physical activity is very important for the growth and development of children. Regular physical activity can have a positive impact on students' physical, mental, and social well-being. In particular, physical activity tends to have an impact on achievement, readiness to learn, behavior, and self-esteem. Positive experiences with physical activity at a young age also help lay a solid foundation for a healthy and productive life. Another study showed a positive effect of daily physical activity. Students who carried out daily physical activity with group games had good academic performance and achievement. This was related to the disclosure of memory, observation, problem-solving and decision-making, and significant improvements in attitudes, such as discipline. This creativity is stated by Keays and Allison quoted in (Christofaro et al., 2018).
In sports psychology, a lot of research on how a group of sports proceeds has been done. Research on group dynamics in sport psychology is considered important with the assumption that sport is a healthy medium of social interaction and because group dynamics in sport also affect group performance. For example, in team sports such as basketball, football, volleyball, etc., cohesiveness (cohesiveness), leadership, communication and interaction between group members contribute to the success of the team. A group is basically a collection of two or more individuals (Dasso, 2019). The presence of a person in performing motoric tasks affects cognition, behavior and appearance. A conceptual framework for a group's performance in sport has been formulated. Membership in a group will generate a specific set of social cognitions or beliefs among group members, which is brought about through the interaction between members, common goals, specific structure within the group, and the presence of important group process elements such as cohesiveness and communication (Vaquero-Solís, Amado Alonso, Sánchez-Oliva, Sánchez-Miguel, & Iglesias-Gallego, 2020).
A framework has been developed to build mutual understanding between individuals in the group. There are three conceptual phases in building interpersonal understanding in groups: 1) The first phase: understanding oneself (understanding self). The individual must reflect on his own behavior and personality, understand his weaknesses and strengths, and the effects on his own behavior in the team. 2) The second phase: understanding others (understanding others); students/athletes and trainers/teachers facilitate communication, monitor interactions between individuals in groups, and identify collective strengths and weaknesses. 3) The third phase: adapting and connecting; stimulate individuals to communicate with each other, identify communication barriers, and design rules to facilitate effective communication (Passos, Milho, & Button, 2018). Social adjustment by understanding social norms is very important for children so that they can grow up to be good adults. Participating in group activities allows children to learn to get along with other children and to respect or value their differences (race, gender, body type, and culture).

The Analysis of Motoric Skill Improvement
The results of the analysis using the Test of Between-Subjects Effects to see different data on the motoric skill variable in the group found F = 21.811 with a significance of F = 0.000, because F is smaller than = 0.05, it can be concluded that the mini basketball game activity is effective improve motoric skills. The magnitude of the increase is based on the difference between the final test results and the initial test using simultaneous confidence interval analysis with a 95% confidence level. The coefficient on the motoric skills variable has a minimum increase of 2.881.
In the implementation of this study, the subjects did exercises in the form of games for two months with a frequency of 5 times a week with a duration of 30-40 minutes. With simplified rules, it is hoped that not much game time is wasted due to the number of violations, so that the frequency of children holding the ball to make passes, dribbling, and shooting is maximized. In addition, in the implementation of this study, the subject was given the task of moving by playing basketball, from the results of interviews between researchers with basketball game teachers who had once given it to the subject of previous research. Thus, in addition to this simplified regulation of the movement task for relatively new subjects, the perceived new movement task is likely to attract their attention. In addition, there is no assessment of failure or success in this game, which usually causes people to feel reluctant to do it.
By playing basketball every day, the subject is given a continuous experience of motion. Continuous motion experience certainly has an impact on changes in motoric skills. Skills or skills can change due to the effects of learning or experience (Figueroa, Barnett, Estevan, & Wiley, 2019). And it was emphasized that the increase in motoric skills was caused by practice or gained from experience (Figueroa & An, 2017). From the results of this study by playing basketball every day there was an increase in motoric skills playing basketball. The results of the observations of researchers, research subjects from day to day, seem so active to move during the game or when not playing. The results of another study showed that skilled children were more active than less-skilled children. In addition, skills are associated with a variety of other health benefits, including increased participation in sports, fitness levels, reduced risk of being overweight or obese and competence (Yoshida, Lima, Barreira, Appenzeller, & Fernandes, 2019). Another thing that cannot be avoided in the implementation of this research activity, the suggestion to the subject not to try the intended movement task outside the experiment is often ignored. Like doing dribbles, passes and shots to the basket, outside of playing activities. When they arrive early, this is done while waiting for their turn to play during lesson breaks.

Discussion of Manova Analysis of Changes in Physical Fitness Variables
The results of the analysis using the Test of Between-Subjects Effects to see different data on the physical fitness variable in the group found F = 17.633 with a significance of F = 0.000, because F is smaller than = 0.05, it can be concluded that the mini basketball game activity is effective improve physical fitness. The magnitude of the increase is based on the difference between the results of the final test and the initial test using simultaneous confidence interval analysis with a 95% confidence level, the coefficient on the physical fitness variable has a minimum increase of 2.216.
Basketball is a sport that is included in the combination of bioenergetic aerobic and anaerobic sport, with a dominance of bioenergy or anaerobic energy. In general, the activities contained in sports activities consist of a combination of two types of activities, namely aerobic and anaerobic activities (Cocca, Baca, Cruz, & Cocca, 2020). However, in various sports, there will be types of sports or also training activities with one component of the activity being more dominant or there will also be sports that use a combination of aerobic and anaerobic activities.
Aerobic activity is an activity that depends on the availability of oxygen to help the process of burning energy sources so that it will also depend on the optimal work of body organs such as the heart, lungs and blood vessels to be able to transport oxygen so that the process of burning energy sources can run perfectly. This activity is usually a low-moderate intensity sports activity that can be done continuously for a long time.
Anaerobic activity is a high-intensity activity that requires energy quickly in a short time but cannot be carried out continuously for a long duration of time. This activity will usually also require rest intervals so that ATP can be regenerated so that the activity can be resumed (Mancha-Triguero, Martín-Encinas, & Ibáñez, 2020). In some types of team or individual sports, there will also be movements/activities such as jumping, passing, throwing, kicking the ball, hitting the ball, or chasing the ball quickly, anaerobic. Therefore, some sports such as football, basketball or also tennis are mentioned as sports activities with a combination of aerobic and anaerobic activities. Research shows that there is a significant positive correlation between physical activity and physical fitness in children aged 8-10 years (Orland et al., 2021). Physical activity in schools through the physical education curriculum affects the level of physical fitness related to cardiovascular and motoric (Zhang et al., 2019).
Another study that looked at the relationship between physical activity, fitness and obesity in fifth and sixth graders in Mexico. Concluded that fitness was a strong predictor that correlated with total abdominal adiposity due to physical activity in school children in Mexico. However, the importance of physical activity in preventing obesity and promoting increased fitness, should not be summed up as the sole determinant of fitness (Cai et al., 2020). Children who engage in 40 minutes of vigorousintensity physical activity are better at reducing body fat than children who engage in 10-18 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity. Periodic vigorous, to moderate activity, was positively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness. This is reinforced by the results of research that the kinesthetic approach program can improve physical fitness in class IV and class V . students (Mathisen et al., 2018).

CONCLUSION
Based on the objectives and results of the analysis, the conclusions of the results of this study are as follows. The mini basketball game based on social skills, motoric skills and physical fitness developed is a valid and practical game with components: infrastructure, game rules and refereeing, along with the following activity phases: 1) Value transformation, 2) Playing with game models addition, 3) Mini basketball game, 4) Self-assessment, 5) Review of actions and rewards. The mini basketball game was effective in improving the social skills of elementary school students. The mini basketball game was effective in improving the motoric skills of elementary school students. The mini basketball game was effective in improving the physical fitness of elementary school students.. This study suggests that teachers apply the mini basketball game to improve social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness of students. Similar research with the same method and approach can be carried out by researchers to (1) further test the validity and wider possibilities of the application of the Mini Basketball game; or (2) developing game models for other sports to improve social skills, motoric skills, and physical fitness of students.Tabel