ANALISIS POLA, JENIS, DAN PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN BANGUNAN GEDUNG SEKOLAH DASAR

Abstract

Analysis of pattern, type, and cause of damages on elementary school building. This study aims to reveal the pattern, type and cause of damage on elementary schools buildings. The study was conducted on 32 school buildings at Malang city that were selected by using purposive sampling techniques. Data were analyzed descri­p­tively. The results show that  damages of the building components are  cladding wall (60,8%), floors (60,2%) the ceiling (37.5%), doors/windows (25,00%), roof (18.75%), foundations (3.64)%, column and beam (2.20%). The causes of the damages are  human and natural factors. Human factors include lack of under­standing and knowledge of the workforce on construction techniques and lack of the user’s attention on maintenance, while natural factors are mainly due to solar radiation pressure and rain.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pola, jenis, dan penyebab kerusakan bangunan. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 32 gedung SD di Kota Malang yang dipilih secara purposive. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan komponen bangunan mencakup kerusakan pelapis dinding (plesteran) (60,8%), lantai (60,20%), plafon hanger (37,5%), pintu/ jendela (25,00%), penutup plafond (21,88%), kap/atap (18,75%), pondasi (3,64%), kolom dan balok (2,20 %). Penyebab kerusakan adalah faktor manusia dan faktor alam. Faktor manusia berupa kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan tenaga kerja terhadap teknik pelaksanaan konstruksi dan kurangnya perhatian penggunan untuk melakukan perawatan, sedangkan faktor alam terutama akibat radiasi matahari dan tekanan hujan.