KAJIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR BANGUNAN TAMAN KANAK-KANAK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Law (UU) No. 20 year of 2003 about National Education System, said that the Early Childhood Education formally implemented in the form of kindergarten school (TK). Regulation of the Minister of National Education (Permen) No. 24 year of 2007 as the operational base of PP. 19 year of 2005 about National Education Standards, turned out to contain only standard educational facilities for primary schools, junior high schools, and senior high schools. The research  was conducted at a number of kindergartens in Indonesia, both TK Negeri Pembina (government) and TK Swasta (Private). Assessment and analysis were done based on a number of basic competencies, learning outcomes, and types of kindergarten activities (kindergarten curriculum) as well as the rules and requirements applied in general design of the building. The result showed that there are two main components: (1) Standard Building of kinder­garten school and (2) Tech­nical Provision of Building Planning kindergarten school.

Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, menyebutkan bahwa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) formal dilaksanakan dalam bentuk Taman Kanak-kanak (TK). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No. 24 Tahun 2007 sebagai landasan operasional PP No. 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP), ternyata hanya memuat standar sarana dan prasarana pen­didikan untuk SD/MI, SMP/MTs, dan SMA/MA. Penelitian dilaksanakan ter­hadap sejumlah TK di Indonesia, baik TK Negeri Pembina maupun TK Swasta. Kajian dan analisis akan mengacu pada sejumlah kompetensi dasar, hasil belajar, dan jenis kegiatan TK (kurikulum TK) serta aturan dan persyaratan yang berlaku untuk perancangan bangunan sekolah secara umum. Hasil terdiri atas dua komponen utama, yaitu: (1) Standar Bangunan Taman Kanak-kanak dan (2) Ketentuan Teknis Peren­ca­na­­an Bangunan Taman Kanak-kanak.