Pengaruh Pembelajaran Play & Games dengan Mendengarkan Musik terhadap Perkembangan Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Motorik Anak
Abstract
Abstract: Motor movement skills are an important aspect at every child's age and as an individual basis for reaching maturity in aspects of movement development. The research aims at an organized intervention program with various movement modifications through play and games activities. The design of this study was a pretest-posttest randomize control group design. Play and game learning activities for 30 minutes, by listening to music with a tempo of 140 beats/minute, with a frequency of twice/week for five weeks. data collection using TGMD-2 (Test Gross Motor Development-2). The results of statistical analysis with the Mann Whitney test determined an average score of 39.87 in the play and games experimental group without music and an average score of 47.37 for the play and games experimental group with music, there was a significant difference (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05. This study shows that learning play and games by listening to music has a higher influence on the development of basic motor movement skills in grade II elementary school students.
Abstrak: Keterampilan gerak motorik merupakan aspek penting pada setiap usia anak dan sebagai dasar individu untuk mencapai kematangan dalam aspek perkembangan gerak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk program intervensi yang terorganisir dengan berbagai modifikasi gerakan melalui aktivitas play and games. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah rancangan desain randomize control group pretest-posttest. Aktivitas pembelajaran play and game selama 30 menit, dengan mendengarkan musik bertempo 140 denyut/menit, dengan frekuensi dua kali/minggu selama lima minggu. Pengambilan data menggunakan TGMD-2 (Test Gross Motor Development-2). Hasil analisis statistik dengan uji mann whitney menunjukan skor rata-rata 39.87 kelompok eksperimen play and games tanpa musik dan skor rata-rata 47.37 kelompok eksperimen play and games dengan musik, terdapat perbedaan signifikan (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pembelajaran play and games dengan mendengarkan musik yang memiliki pengaruh lebih tinggi terhadap perkembangan keterampilan gerak dasar motorik pada siswa kelas II sekolah dasar.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahonen, H. (2018). Music Medicine’s Influence on Music Psychotherapy Practice with Traumatized Individuals. Music and Medicine, 10(1), 26–38.
Ali, A., Pigou, D., Clarke, L., & McLachlan, C. (2017). Literature Review on Motor Skill and Physical Activity in Preschool Children in New Zealand. Advances in Physical Education, 07(01), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2017.71002
Antonio, P., Pérez-Ortiz, M., Sánchez-Monedero, J., Fernández-Navarro, F., & Hervás-Martínez, C. (2016). Ordinal Regression Methods: Survey and Experimental Study. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 28(1), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2015.2457911
Battaglia, G., Alesi, M., Tabacchi, G., Palma, A., & Bellafiore, M. (2019). The Development of Motor and Pre-Literacy Skills by A Physical Education Program in Preschool Children: A Non-Randomized Pilot Trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(JAN), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02694
Bento, G., & Dias, G. (2017). development. Porto Biomedical Journal, xx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2017.03.003 Children between Six and Eight Year-Olds in an Inclusive Environment. 4(1).
Blašković, J., & Kuliš, A. (2017). Preschool Children ’ s Reactions to Active Music Listening through Movement , Visual Arts and Verbal Expression. 19(3), 273–292.
Burns, R. D., Brusseau, T. A., Fu, Y., & Hannon, J. C. (2017). Gross Motor Skills and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Mediation Analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001147
Chen, H., & Sun, H. (2017). Effects of Active Videogame and Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids Physical Education on Children’s Health-Related Fitness and Enjoyment. Games for Health Journal, 6(5), 312–318. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0001
Cho, H., Ji, S., Chung, S., Kim, M., & Joung, Y. S. (2014). Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea. Psychiatry Investigation, 11(3), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.223
Dalla, S. (2018). Music and Movement : Towards a Translational Approach Music and Movement : Towards a Translational Approach. Neurophysiologie Clinique / Clinical Neurophysiology, 48(6), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2018.10.067
Daniel J.Hallam, S. (2018). Psychology of music. Psychology of Music, 1–123. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315104362
Dehghan, L., Mirzakhani, N., Rezaee, M., & Tabatabaee, M. (2017). The Relationship between Fine Motor Skills and Social Development and Maturation. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. https://doi.org/10.29252/nrip.irj.15.4.407
Dumont, E., Syurina, E. V, Feron, F. J. M., & Hooren, S. Van. (2017). Music Interventions and Child Development : A Critical Review and Further Directions. 8(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01694
Duncan, M. J., Roscoe, C. M. P., Noon, M., Clark, C. C. T., O’Brien, W., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2020). Run, Jump, Throw and Catch: How Proficient are Children Attending English Schools at the Fundamental Motor Skills Identified as Key within the School Curriculum? European Physical Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19888953
Elsawaf, M. E. (2017). The Interaction between our Brains and Music. 3(4), 131–132. https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555617
Engel, A., Broderick, C., Ward, R., & Parmenter, B. (2018). Study Protocol: The Effect of a Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention in a Preschool Setting on Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Activity: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Clinical Pediatrics: Open Access, 03(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2572-0775.1000129
Eva, Barkoukis, V., & Fotiadou, E. G. (2019). Effects of a Music-Movement Program in Elementary School Physical Education Classes on Pupils’ Motor Skills. Journal of Education and Practice, January 2020. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/10-21-11
Foulkes, J. D., Knowles, Z., Fairclough, S. J., Stratton, G., O’Dwyer, M., Ridgers, N. D., & Foweather, L. (2017). Effect of a 6-Week Active Play Intervention on Fundamental Movement Skill Competence of Preschool Children: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Perceptual and Motor Skills. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516685200
Gangrade, A. (2012). The Effect of Music on the Production of Neurotransmitters, Hormones, Cytokines, and Peptides A Review. Music and Medicine, 4, 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943862111415117
Gao, Z., Pope, Z., Lee, J. E., Stodden, D., Roncesvalles, N., Pasco, D., Huang, C. C., & Feng, D. (2017). Impact of Exergaming on Young Children’s School Day Energy Expenditure and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Levels. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.11.008
Gordon, R. L., Fehd, H. M., & Mccandliss, B. D. (2015). Does Music Training Enhance Literacy Skills ? A Meta-Analysis. 6(December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01777
Gümüşdağ, H. (2019). Effects of Pre-School Play on Motor Development in Children. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 580–587. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070231
Hall, B. S. (2019). The Effect of Music and Movement Interventions on Elementary Students’ Classroom Transition Times and Engagement. Undergraduate thesis, under the direction of Alicia Stapp from School of Education, University of Mississippi.
Jia, Yang, H. J., Hao, M. C., & Zheng, J. J. (2019). Late Preterm Infants’ Social Competence, Motor Development, and Cognition. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(FEB), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00069
Joan, V., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J. P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic Review of the Relationships between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children and Youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6), S197–S239. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0663
Kennedy-Behr, A., Rodger, S., & Mickan, S. (2013). A Comparison of the Play Skills of Preschool Children with and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder. OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20130912-03
Kihoro, M. F. (2016). Ignore it at your own Peril : Using Music to Enhance the Quality of Education. 5(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v5-i2/2094
Kyriazis, D. (2019). Effects of a Music-Movement Program in Elementary School Physical Education Classes on Pupils’ Motor Skills. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(35), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/10-21-11
Lykesas, Aspasia, D., Maria, K., Evgenia, N., & Basiliki, T. (2017). The Effectiveness of a Music and Movement Program for Traditional Dance Teaching on Primary School Students’ Intrinsic Motivation and Self - Reported Patterns of Lesson Participation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p227
Marín-Méndez, J. J., Borra-Ruiz, M. C., Álvarez-Gómez, M. J., & Soutullo Esperón, C. (2017). Psychomotor Development and Learning Difficulties in Preschool Children with Probable Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Epidemiological Study in Navarre and La Rioja. Neurología (English Edition), 32(8), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.02.008
Morgan, J. A., Corrigan, F., & Baune, B. T. (2015). Effects of Physical Exercise on Central Nervous System Functions: A Review of Brain Region Specific Adaptations. Journal of Molecular Psychiatry, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40303-015-0010-8
Nakagawa, T., Koan, I., Chen, C., Matsubara, T., Hagiwara, K., Lei, H., Hirotsu, M., Yamagata, H., & Nakagawa, S. (2020). Regular Moderate-to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Rather Than Walking is Associated with Enhanced Cognitive Functions and Mental Health in Young Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020614
Naz Jamali, S., Solanky, A., Ahmad, I., & Tayagi, N. K. (2016). Effect of Music Therapy, Aerobic Exercise and Combined Intervention on Psychological and Physiological Parameters in Collegiate Athletes: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 3(11), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2016.02.10.007
Palma, M. S., Pereira, B. O., & Valentini, N. C. (2014). Guided Play and Free Play in an Enriched Environment: Impact on Motor Development. Motriz. Revista de Educacao Fisica, 20(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742014000200007
Pasco, D., Roure, C., Kermarrec, G., Pope, Z., & Gao, Z. (2017). The Effects of A Bike Active Video Game on Players’ Physical Activity and Motivation. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.11.007
Paskaleva, R., Ivanova, V., & V. Pavlova, V. (2018). Increasing the Motor Activity for Prevention of Spinal Deformities in Children’s of Pre-School Age. Trakia Journal of Science, 16(Suppl.1), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2018.s.01.006
Rad, L. S., & Hafezi, F. (2013). The Effect of Motivational Music During Exercise on the Performance of Elite Female Swimmers. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 106–110.
Ruiz-esteban, C., Terry, J., & Inmaculada, M. (2020). Analysis of Motor Intervention Program on the Development of Gross Motor Skills in Preschoolers.
Schaffert, N., Janzen, T. B., Ploigt, R., Schlüter, S., Vuong, V., & Thaut, M. (2020). Development and Evaluation of a Novel Music-based Therapeutic Device for Upper Extremity Movement Training. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-42278/v1
Sneck, S., Viholainen, H., Syväoja, H., Kankaapää, A., Hakonen, H., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Tammelin, T. (2019). Effects of School-Based Physical Activity on Mathematics Performance in Children: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0866-6
Stodden, D. F., Gao, Z., Goodway, J. D., & Langendorfer, S. J. (2014). Dynamic Relationships between Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related Fitness in Youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(3), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0027
Susanto, H., Merawati, D., & Andiana, O. (2019). The Effect of Tempo of Musical Treatment and Acute Exercise on Vascular Tension and Cardiovascular Performance : A Case Study on Trained Non-Athletes The Effect of Tempo of Musical Treatment and Acute Exercise on Vascular Tension and Cardiovascular Perfor. 0–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/515/1/012033
Tanaka, S., & Kirino, E. (2017). Dynamic Reconfiguration of the Supplementary Motor Area Network during Imagined Music Performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00606
Thaut, M. H., McIntosh, G. C., & Hoemberg, V. (2015). Neurobiological Foundations of Neurologic Music Therapy: Rhythmic Entrainment and The Motor System. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(February), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01185
Tortella, P., Haga, M., Loras, H., Sigmundsson, H., & Fumagalli, G. (2016). Motor Skill Development in Italian Pre-School Children Induced by Structured Activities in a Specific Playground. PLoS ONE, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160244
Truelove, S., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tucker, P. (2017). Defining and Measuring Active Play among Young Children: A Systematic Review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 14(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0195
Tsompanaki, E. (2019). The Effect of Creative Movement-Dance on the Development of Basic Motor Skills of Pre-School Children. Review of European Studies, 11(2), 29. https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n2p29
van der Fels, I. M. J., te Wierike, S. C. M., Hartman, E., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Smith, J., & Visscher, C. (2015). The Relationship between Motor Skills and Cognitive Skills in 4–16 Year Old Typically Developing Children: A Systematic Review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 697–703. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.007
Van Dyck, E. (2019). Musical Intensity Applied in the Sports and Exercise Domain: An Effective Strategy to Boost Performance? Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01145
Venetsanou, F., Donti, O., & Koutsouba, M. (2014). The Effect of a Music/Movement Program on Preschooler’s Motor Rhythmic Ability. European Psychomotricity Journal, 6(April), 60–72.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v6i5.14848
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Dwi Anggareksa Setyo Widarto, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Supriyadi Supriyadi
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, & Pengembangan Journal of Education: Theory, Research, and Development Graduate School Of Universitas Negeri Malang JPtpp is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |